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Citizenship Exam: citizenship exam in a Federation. In a federation such as the United States, dual citizenship exam in the nation and a constituent state is inevitable; but this seldom leads to serious problems, as control of citizenship exam is the responsibility of the national government. The Soviet Union, at least nominally, is an exception to this rule: both the USSR and the constituent "union
republics" may confer citizenship exam.Grants of Roman citizenship exam to foreigners (individuals or larger territorial groups) became frequent, until in 212 A.D. Emperor Caracalla (r. 211-217) bestowed Roman citizenship exam on almost all inhabitants of the empire. citizenship exam was lost as a result of condemnation in a criminal trial to banishment (deportatio).
The American and French revolutions were the events through which national citizenship exam gained its modern significance. As citizenship exam in the medieval city-state had signified freedom from feudal domination, so national citizenship exam in the United States and France symbolized the end of monarchy. The distinction between citizen and subject no longer may be vital but it was to revolutionaries of the 1700's. |
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