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Ancient Grece: Morphology. The ancient grece three declensions of tbe noun are still kept, but much simplified. There is a tendency to transfer the ancient grece consonant stems of the third declension, especially abstract nouns in -si(s), to the first (or feminine) declension, and to make ancient grece feminine nouns into neuters in -« (from the suffix -ion), askheir becoming kheri, "hand." Irregular nouns are regularized. The ancient grece dative case is topped and the genitive restricted to the possessive use.With a strong stress accent, unstressed initial and medial syllables are often dropped: for exmple, matin, "eyes," from ancient grece ommatia. Such .ranges, combined with those listed above, can produce forms in which it is hard to recognize tie ancient grece original: ancient grece emporo became torn, "I am able"; hupege became pighe, "he went." Phonetic changes occur between words (so-called sandhi), especially where the combinations mu pi or nu tau are involved, as stim wli, "to the city" (from ancient grece eis ten polin), became stimboli (from which came Stamboul, Istanbul).
Yet many ancient grece words have entirely new meanings. Tragouthi ("song"), for example, has lost all connection with ancient grece tragoidia ("tragedy"). Words relatively rare in antiquity are now in common usage as vouno ("mountain"). Modern Greek, like ancient grece, is a fertile coiner of new words by means of prefixes or suffixes. Many ancient grece verbs add a nasal infix (phero becomes pherno, "bring"; hupairo [anc. Ionic?] becomes perno, "take") or an aino suffix (pathaino, "suffer"). |
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